00000nam a2200000 a 4500 045b61d0-d37b-44a0-89a6-a0bc9283ae95 2026 xx 000 0 uzb d 3030-3435 10.5281/zenodo.20963885doi Iqboljon, Djumaboyev THE GENDARMERIE, SECRET POLICE, AND POLITICAL SURVEILLANCE IN THE FERGANA OBLAST UNDER RUSSIAN IMPERIAL RULE Research and publications2026 This article examines the formation and operational structure of the imperial Russian security apparatus in the Turkestan Region, with particular focus on the Fergana Oblast, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on archival materials from the Uzbekistan National Archives (UzNA), the study traces the institutional evolution from the early gendarmerie railway directorates established in 1901 and 1905 through to the founding of the Turkestan District Security Department (TDSD) in 1907. Russian Empire Turkestan Fergana Oblast gendarmerie Turkestan District Security Department (TDSD) Okhranka covert surveillance secret police Tibbiyot akademiyasiVol. 1, no. 6 (2026)3030-3435 https://openjurnal.uz/article/djumabayev-i-TA-2026-020Landing page https://rukoxlelgdqbshwjqpxd.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/article-pdfs/formatted/1782561793915-THE_GENDARMERIE__SECRET_POLICE__AND_POLITICAL_SURVEILLANCE_I.pdfPDFapplication/pdf