7 Tibbiyot akademiyasi 3030-3435 3030-3435 Research and publications 045b61d0-d37b-44a0-89a6-a0bc9283ae95 10.5281/zenodo.20963885 THE GENDARMERIE, SECRET POLICE, AND POLITICAL SURVEILLANCE IN THE FERGANA OBLAST UNDER RUSSIAN IMPERIAL RULE IqboljonDjumaboyev 2762026 1 6 © 2026 Research and publications CC-BY-4.0

This article examines the formation and operational structure of the imperial Russian security apparatus in the Turkestan Region, with particular focus on the Fergana Oblast, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on archival materials from the Uzbekistan National Archives (UzNA), the study traces the institutional evolution from the early gendarmerie railway directorates established in 1901 and 1905 through to the founding of the Turkestan District Security Department (TDSD) in 1907.

 Russian EmpireTurkestanFergana OblastgendarmerieTurkestan District Security Department (TDSD)Okhrankacovert surveillancesecret police Full Text

The full text of this article is available at https://rukoxlelgdqbshwjqpxd.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/article-pdfs/formatted/1782561793915-THE_GENDARMERIE__SECRET_POLICE__AND_POLITICAL_SURVEILLANCE_I.pdf.

 References UzNA, Fund I-461, List 1, File 962, Folio 1. UzNA, Fund I-461, List 1, File 164a, Folios 1–4. UzNA, Fund I-1, List 27, File 11, Folio 3. UzNA, Fund I-1, List 28, File 502, Folio 1 UzNA, Fund I-461, List 1, File 1788, Folios 20–21.